Not sure which Linux distribution you’re running? Open a terminal and type:
cat /etc/issue
On Debian 4.0, for example, this outputs:
Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 \n \l
The \n and \l are escape sequences for the hostname and terminal device – they’re not part of the distribution name.
This works on most distributions. Some also have /etc/os-release with more detail:
cat /etc/os-release